As well as horrifying immediate effects, mustard agents are known to cause long-term medical complications lasting for many decades. Exposure to mustard gas is associated with the development of complicated respiratory diseases and cancers; loss of sight through cornea damage; skin lesions, chronic neuropathic pain; damage to immune system and other chronic illnesses.

Not only that, but the environment is also suffering. Because of the possible toxic effects of those hazardous materials on the environment of western Iran, people living in these areas are concerned about the possible contamination of their food crops and water supply. More work is needed to assess the long-term impact of CW on the environment.